2022년 고3 6월 모의고사 34~35번

 

 

34번

Development  can  get  very  complicated and fanciful. A fugue by Johann Sebastian Bach illustrates how far this process could go, when a single melodic line, sometimes just a handful of notes, was all that the composer needed to create a brilliant work containing lots of intricate development within a coherent structure. Ludwig van Beethoven’s famous Fifth Symphony provides an exceptional example of how much mileage a classical composer can get out of a few notes and a simple rhythmic tapping. The opening da-da-da-DUM that everyone has heard somewhere or another 
throughout not only the opening movement, but the remaining three movements, like a kind of motto or a connective thread. Just as we don’t always see the intricate brushwork that goes into the creation of a painting, we may not always notice how Beethoven keeps finding fresh uses for his motto or how he develops his material into a large, cohesive statement. But a lot of the enjoyment we get from that mighty symphony stems from the inventiveness behind it, the impressive development of musical ideas. [3점]
* intricate: 복잡한  ** coherent: 통일성 있는

 

전개부는 매우 복잡하고 별날 수가 있다. Johann Sebastian Bach의 푸가는 하나의 멜로디 라인, 때로는 단지 소수의 음이 그 작곡가가 일관된 구조 내에서 많은 복잡한 전개부를 포함하는 훌륭한 작품을 만들기 위해 필요한 전부였을 때, 이 과정이 얼마 나 효과를 보일 수 있을지를 보여준다. Ludwig van Beethoven의 유명한 5번 교향 곡은 클래식 작곡가가 몇 개의 음과  단순하며 리듬감 있는 두드림으로 얼마나 많은 이익을 얻어낼 수 있는지에 대한 이례적일 정도로 우수한 예를 제공한다. 모든 사람 들이 어디선가 들어본 시작 부분의 다-다-다-덤은 일종의 반복 악구나 연결 끈처럼, 시작 악장뿐만 아니라 나머지 3악장 내내 엄청나게 다양한 방식으로 나타난다. 우리 가 그림 작품 하나를 완성하는 데 들인 복잡한 붓놀림을 항상 볼 수 있는 것이 아니 듯이,  Beethoven이  자신의  반복  악구를  어떻게  계속  새롭게  사용하는  것을  찾는지 또는 그의 제재를 거대하고 응집력 있는 진술로 어떻게 전개하는지를 항상 알아보지 는 못할 수도 있다. 그러나 그 강력한 교향곡에서 우리가 얻는 즐거움의 많은 부분은 그 이면의 독창성, 즉 음악적 아이디어의 인상적인 전개에서 비롯된다.

 

정답 : ②   appears in an incredible variety of ways

 

 

 

35번

The animal in a conflict between attacking a rival and fleeing may initially not have sufficient information to enable it to make a decision straight away. ① If the rival is likely to win the fight, then the optimal decision would be to give up immediately and not risk getting injured. ② But if the rival is weak and easily defeatable, then there could be considerable benefit in going ahead and obtaining the territory, females, food or whatever is at stake. ③ Animals under normal circumstances maintain a very constant body weight and they eat and drink enough for their needs at regular intervals. ④ By taking a little extra time to collect information about the opponent, the animal is more likely to reach a decision that maximizes its chances of winning than if it takes a decision without such information. ⑤ Many signals are now seen as having this information gathering or ‘assessment’ function, directly contributing to the mechanism of the decision-making process by supplying vital information about the likely outcomes of the various options.

 

상대를 공격하는 것과 도피하는 것 사이에서 갈등하는 동물은 처음에는 즉시 결정을 내릴 수 있게 해줄 만큼 충분한 정보를 갖지 못할 수도 있다. 상대가 싸움에서 이길 것 같다면, 최적의 결정은 즉시 포기하고 부상당할 위험을 무릅쓰지 않는 것일 것이 다. 하지만 상대가 약해서 쉽게 이길만하다면, 싸워서 영역, 암컷, 먹이 또는 성패가 달린 것은 무엇이든 얻는 것에 상당한 이익이 있을 수 있을 것이다. (보통의 상황에 서 동물은 매우 일정한 체중을 유지하며, 그들은 규칙적인 간격으로 자신들에게 필요 한 만큼 충분히 먹고 마신다.) 상대에 대한 정보를 수집하는 데 약간의 추가 시간을 들임으로써, 그 동물은 그러한 정보 없이 결정을 내리는 경우보다 이길 가능성을 최 대화하는 결정에 도달할 가능성이 더 크다. 오늘날 많은 신호들이 이러한 정보 수집 또는 ‘평가’ 기능을 갖는 것으로  간주되어, 다양한 선택의 가능한  결과에 관한 매우 중요한 정보를 제공함으로써 의사 결정 과정의 메커니즘에 직접적으로 기여한다.

 

정답 : ③